Inflammation, But Not Telomere Length, Predicts Successful Ageing at Extreme Old Age: A Longitudinal Study of Semi-supercentenarians
- PMID: 26629551
- PMCID: PMC4634197
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.07.029
Inflammation, But Not Telomere Length, Predicts Successful Ageing at Extreme Old Age: A Longitudinal Study of Semi-supercentenarians
Abstract
To determine the most important drivers of successful ageing at extreme old age, we combined community-based prospective cohorts: Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health (TOOTH), Tokyo Centenarians Study (TCS) and Japanese Semi-Supercentenarians Study (JSS) comprising 1554 individuals including 684 centenarians and (semi-)supercentenarians, 167 pairs of centenarian offspring and spouses, and 536 community-living very old (85 to 99 years). We combined z scores from multiple biomarkers to describe haematopoiesis, inflammation, lipid and glucose metabolism, liver function, renal function, and cellular senescence domains. In Cox proportional hazard models, inflammation predicted all-cause mortality with hazard ratios (95% CI) 1.89 (1.21 to 2.95) and 1.36 (1.05 to 1.78) in the very old and (semi-)supercentenarians, respectively. In linear forward stepwise models, inflammation predicted capability (10.8% variance explained) and cognition (8(.)6% variance explained) in (semi-)supercentenarians better than chronologic age or gender. The inflammation score was also lower in centenarian offspring compared to age-matched controls with Δ (95% CI) = - 0.795 (- 1.436 to - 0.154). Centenarians and their offspring were able to maintain long telomeres, but telomere length was not a predictor of successful ageing in centenarians and semi-supercentenarians. We conclude that inflammation is an important malleable driver of ageing up to extreme old age in humans.
Keywords: ALT, alanine aminotransferase or alanine transaminase; ANOVA, analysis of variance; AST, aspartate aminotransferase or aspartate transaminase; Ageing; CD, cluster of differentiation; CMV, cytomegalovirus; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Centenarian; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GGTP, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase; IL-6, interleukin 6; IQR, inter-quartile range; Inflammation; JSS, Japanese Semi-Supercentenarians Study; LTL, leukocyte telomere length; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NK cells, natural killer cells; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SD, standard deviation; TCS, Tokyo Centenarians Study; TNF-alpha, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); TOOTH, Tokyo Oldest Old Survey on Total Health; Telomere; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
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Comment in
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Cellular Senescence and Inflammatory Burden as Determinants of Mortality in Elderly People Until the Extreme old age.EBioMedicine. 2015 Sep 11;2(10):1316-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.015. eCollection 2015 Oct. EBioMedicine. 2015. PMID: 26629526 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
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